http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/v/victorian-dress-at-v-and-a/
Working class people could only afford to have second hand clothes. This meant having old clothes altered to look more fashionable. Women's skirts ballooned between 1840 and 1860. Skirts were supported by several petticoats one being a stiffened silk and horsehair fabric known as crinoline. Pliable steel hoop frames were invented in 1856 and they became known as the cage crinoline. It was very heavy and irritating to wear a full length coat with a crinoline skirt so mantles, shawls or short jackets were more convenient for outdoor wear (V & A, 2015:1).
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